Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The Battle of Anzio commenced on January 22, 1944 and concluded with the fall of Rome on June 5. Though Alexander insisted on severing Route 6, he told Clark that Rome was an option if Buffalo ran into trouble. Working with Alexander and Clark, Truscott helped plan Operation Diadem which called for a massive offensive in May. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. Intended as a daring outflanking move that would open up the way to the capture of Rome, the Anzio landings degenerated into World War II deadlock: the Allies unable to drive forward from their While Alexander selected Buffalo, Clark was adamant that US forces be the first to enter Rome and lobbied for Turtle. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Striking near Cisterna, this effort was repulsed by the Allies with around 2,500 German casualties. With the situation at a stalemate, Truscott and Mackensen suspended offensive operations until spring.
(2003). Holding Route 6 open until May 30, they allowed seven divisions from the Tenth Army to escape north. By February 10, the salient had been lost and a planned counterattack the next day failed when the Germans were tipped off by a radio intercept.On February 16, the German assault was renewed and Allied forces on the Via Anziate front were pushed back to their prepared defenses at the Final Beachhead Line before the Germans were halted by VI Corps reserves. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Among his many publications are 

While Lucas should have been more aggressive, his force was too small to achieve the objectives it was assigned.Also, Clark's change of plan during Operation Diadem allowed large parts of the German Tenth Army to escape, allowing it to continue fighting through the rest of the year. Frustrated with Lucas' performance, Clark replaced him with Truscott on February 22.Under pressure from Berlin, Kesselring and Mackensen ordered another attack on February 29. American forces led by Clark entered the city three days later (The fighting during the Anzio campaign saw Allied forces sustain around 7,000 killed and 36,000 wounded/missing. The landing at Anzio took place on January 22nd, 1944.


Battle of Anzio, (22 January–5 June 1944), World War II event on the coast of Italy, south of Rome. In the meantime, more information about the article and the author can be found by clicking on the author’s name.

Last accessed April 10th, 2013. While the attack towards Valmontone would continue, it would be much weakened.Clark did not inform Alexander of this change until the morning of May 26 at which point the orders could not be reversed. History at your fingertips This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. By June 2, the German line collapsed and Kesselring was ordered to retreat north of Rome. By midnight, 36,000 men had landed and secured a beachhead 2-3 miles deep at a cost of 13 killed and 97 wounded.Rather than move quickly to strike at the German rear, Lucas began strengthening his perimeter despite offers from the Italian resistance to serve as guides. That evening, Truscott was stunned to receive orders from Clark calling for him to turn his attack ninety degrees towards Rome. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert.General Sir Harold Alexander with Major General Lucian K. Truscott Jr. in the Anzio beachhead, Italy, 4 March 1944.World War II Europe: Fighting in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy

On February 3, the Germans attacked the Allied lines with a focus on the Via Anziate salient.

German railway gun which fired from the Alban Hills. This inaction irritated Churchill and Alexander as it undercut the value of the operation. Last accessed April 10th, 2013. Yet Anzio was to turn into one of the bloodiest battles fought in Western Europe by the Allies in World War Two. July 1944. Questions or concerns?

Kappes, Irwin J. “Anzio — The Allies’ Greatest Blunder of World War II”. Though he initially did not believe the landings could be contained, Lucas' inaction changed his mind and by January 24, he had 40,000 men in prepared defensive positions opposite the Allied lines.The next day, Colonel General Eberhard von Mackensen was given command of the German defenses. Facing a superior enemy force, Lucas' caution was justified to a degree, however most agree that he should have attempted drive further inland.Though surprised by the Allies' actions, Kesselring had made contingency plans for landings at several locations. militaryhistoryonline.com website. Check out Britannica's new site for parents! During this time, Kesselring constructed the Caesar C defensive line between the beachhead and Rome. Interested in participating in the Having failed to break through the German Gustav Line, the Allies proposed to land an Lucas was made a scapegoat and replaced by Major General Lucien Truscott, but he too could do little to break the deadlock. Holding out, the troops at Anzio were reinforced and later played a key role in the Allied breakout at Cassino and the capture of Rome.While Alexander initially considered a large operation that would land five divisions near Anzio, this was abandoned due to a lack of troops and landing craft. Encountering the Caesar C Line, VI Corps, now aided by II Corps, was able to exploit a gap in the German defenses. Foreword to CMH Edition. The last gasps of the German offensive were blocked on February 20.

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